IMP Notes for GPAT :

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which drugs may give rise to d following adverse effects?

1- rabbit syndrome-

2- red man/ red neck syndrome-

3- jarisch herxheimer syndrome-

4- steven johnson's syndrome-

5- fetal hydantoin syndrome-?

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method - avg sample:

ir - 10ug- 10mg

raman- 0.01mg

mass- less den 1 mg

uv- 0.01mg

x-ray - 0.1 mg

liquid chromatography- 10mg

atomic absorbtion spectroscopy- 100 mg

atomic emission spectroscopy- 0.25- 2 gm

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STORAGE TEMP

Cold - 2 - 8 C

Cool - 8 - 25C

Room - temp prevailing in the working area

Warm - between 30 - 40C

Excessive heat - > 40C

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Draves test: wetting agent

Draze: shampoo

Droop point: lip stick

DOT: dept of transportation@aerosol

DOP: HEPA

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3-MIXED ACTION ADRENERGIC AGONISTS

They release nor-epinephrine from presynaptic terminals and activate postsynaptic adrenergic receptors.

Examples 1-Ephidrine.

2-metaraminol.

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2-INDIRECT ACTING ADRENERGIC AGONISTS

They do not act directly by binding to receptors but cause the release of nor-epinephrine from presynaptic terminals thus potentiating the effect of nor-epinephrine on the presynaptic receptors.

Examples 1-Amphetamine.

2-Tyramine.

3-Methylamphetamine.

4-Hydroxyamphetamine.

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 DIRECT ACTING ADRENERGIC A GONISTS

They bind to adrenergic receptors without interacting with the presynaptic neurons and activate them. After their activation the 2nd messenger system begins to produce their pharmacological actions.

Examples 1-Epinephrine.

2-Norepinephrine.

3-Dopamine.

4-Isoprotrenol.

5-Dobutamine.

6-Clonidine.

7-Phenylephrine.

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1-ALPHA-1 SELECTIVE

Examples 1-Phenylephrine.

2-Methoxamine.

3-Cirazoline.

4-Metazoline.

2-ALPHA-2 SELECTIVE

Examples 1-Clonidine.

2-Guanabenz.

3-Oxymetazoline.

4-Methylepinephrine.

3-BETA-1 SELECTIVE

Examples 1-Dobutamine.

2-Prenalterol.

4-BETA-2 SELECTIVE

Examples 1-Salbutamol.

2-Turbutaline.

3-Ritodrine.

4-Fenoterol.

5-ALPHA AND BETA NON-SELECTIVE

Examples 1-Epinephrine.

2-Norepinephrine.

3-Dobutamine.

4-Ephedrine.

5-amphetamine.

6-DOPAMINE RECEPTOR STIMULANTS

Examples 1-Dopamine

2-Bromocryptine.

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STORAGE TEMP

Cold - 2 - 8 C

Cool - 8 - 25C

Room - temp prevailing in the working area

Warm - between 30 - 40C

Excessive heat - > 40C

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Paracytic-Senna,Cocca;

Anisocytic-Vinca,Datura;

Anomocytic-Digitalis,Clove,Fen

nel,Opium,Lobelia,Buchu

Diacytic-Vasaka,Peppermint,Spe

armint

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DRUG ANTIDOTE

Paracetamol -N-acetyl cysteine

Atropine -Physostigmine, Neostigmine

Organophosphates -Atropine, Prolidoxime

Warfarin -Vit. K

barbiturates -Sodium bicarbonate

Benzodiazipines -Flumagenil

Amphetamine -Ammonium chloride

Opioids -Naloxone

Amphetamine -NH4Cl

Heparin -- Protamine sulphate

Beta blockers -- Glucagon

Carbon monoxide -- 100% oxygen

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Organ-pH: 

Stomch - 1 to 3,

Small Intestine - 5 to 7.5, 

Large Intestine - 7.9 to 8,

Rectum - 7.5 to 8

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Ephedrine HCL used in-

-bronchial asthma

-nasal congestion

-hypotension

-myasthenia gravis

-heart block & narcolepsy.

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Local anesthetic: Clove

Sedative: Jatamansi

Local irritant: Turpentine

Insect Repellant: Citronella oil

Vit A: lemon grass oil

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Method for Particle size determinatn-Anderson pipet

for Particle volume-Coulter counter

for surface area-Air permeability method

Cutter mill is used for size reduction of dried granulation

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type I (Intracellular) 

>>>>Type IA 

~Therapeutic target tissues/cells 

Acyclovir, 5-Flurouracil, Cyclophosphamide, Diethylstilbestrol diphosphate, 

L-Dopa, 6-Mercaptopurine, Mitomycin C, Zidovudine

>>>>Type IB 

~Metabolic tissues (liver, GI mucosal cell,lung etc) 

Carbamazepine, Captopril, Carisoprodol, Heroin, Molsidomine, Paliperidone, Phenacetin, Primidone, Psilocybin, Suldinac, Tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide

****Type II (Extracellular) 

>>>>Type IIA 

~GI fluids Lisdexamfetamine, Loperamide oxide, Oxyphenisatin, Sulfasalazine

>>>>Type IIB 

~Systemic circulation and Other Extracellular Fluid Compartments 

Acetylsalicylate, Bacampicillin, Bambuterol, Chloramphenicol succinate, 

Dihydropyridine pralixoxime, Dipivefrin, Fosphenytoin

>>>>Type IIC 

~Therapeutic Target Tissues/Cells 

ADEPTs, GDEPs, VDEPs

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All statement is correct for E-2 reaction. Except one 

A. Follow first order kinetic

B. Reactivity order is 30>20>10

C. Always β-Hydrogen abstracted

D. Single step reaction

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‎1.Grey Baby Syndrome- Chloramphenicol

2.Pin Point Pupil-Morphine

3Reyes Syndrome- Asprin

4.Urine Coloration- Rifampcin

5.Frontal Headache- Indomethacin

6.Captopril-Persistant dry cough

7.Bleomycin-Pulmonary fibrosis

8.Vancomycin- Red man syndrome

9.Nicotinic acid- Flush

10.Steven Johnsons syndrome- Allopurino

11).sulphonamides-kernicterus

12).aminoglycosides-ototoxicity

13).discolouration of teeth-tetracyclines

14) doxorubucin & duanorubucin- cardiomyopathy.

15).chloroquine- cardiotixicity

16).doxycycline- esophageal ulceration

17).vincristin & vinblastin- neuropathy

18).cyclophosphamide- alopecia

19).cimetidine & spironolactone- gynaecomastia

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Tips: Start reading of Basics in Organic Chamistry from Morrison and Boyd and do name reaction like Aldol condensation 

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