GPAT Notes -5

Drugs prolonging QT interval:

Drugs prolonging QT interval:

Anaesthetics: enflurane,halothane,isoflurane

Anti arrythmics: 1a,1c and class 3 agents

SSRI's

Antihistaminics: terfinadine and astemizole

Antiinfectives: macrolides (erythromycin,flouroquinolones

,imidazole antifungals,antimalarials)

CNS drugs: butyrophenones-haloperidol,droperidol,pimozide;thioridazine,

mesoridazine,ziprazidone

Others-Arsenic trioxide,tamoxifen,bepiridil,probucol,sumtriptan,cisapride..

GPAT & NIPER JEE Notes

Gynaecomastia-causing drugs DISCOS:

Digoxin

Isoniazid

Spironolactone

Cimetidine

Oestrogens

Stilboestrol

Methyldopa Side effects METHYLDOPA:

Mental retardation

Electrolyte imbalance

Tolerance

Headache/ Hepatotoxicity psYcological upset

Lactation in female

Dry mouth

Oedema

Parkinsonism

Anaemia (haemolytic)

Antirheumatic agents (disease modifying) CHAMP:

Cyclophosphamide

Hydroxycloroquine and choloroquinine

Auranofin and other gold compounds

Methotrexate

Penicillamine

Antiarrhythmics: class III members BIAS:

Bretylium

Ibutilide

Amiodarone

Sotalol

Clinical trials- done after preclinical testingdone after pical testing

Phase 0: microdosing is directly given to patient without any preclinical testing.

Phase 1: done on 20-50 healthy volunteers for estimation of safety and tolerability of drug.

Phase 2: also called controlled clinical trials. Done on upto 1000 population of patients for estimation of effectiveness (efficacy) of drug.

Phase 3: also called expanded controlled or uncontrolled clinical trials. Done on upto 3000 to 10000 popullation of patients. They bring about additional information about effectiveness and safety.

Phase 4: evaluate the post marketing survivelence of drug

LIST of WELL KNOWN POISONS & ANTIDOTES . .. memorize them . .. 

POISONING OF . .. ANTIDOTE USED . .. 

paracetamol - N-acetylcysteine

vitamin K anticoagulants(warfarin)- vitamin K

opioids - naloxone

Iron (&other heavy metals) - desferrioxamine, Deferasirox or Deferiprone

benzodiazepines - flumazenil

ethylene glycol -ethanol or fomepizole, and thiamine

methanol -ethanol or fomepizole, and folinic acid

Cyanide -amyl nitrite, sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate

Organophosphates- Atropine and Pralidoxime

Magnesium- Calcium Gluconate

Ca Cha. BlockersVera,Dilti.)- Calcium Gluconate

Beta-Blockers(Propranolol,Sota

lol)-Calcium Gluconate and/or Glucagon

Isoniazid -Pyridoxine

Atropine -Physostigmine

Thallium- Prussian blue

Hydrofluoric acid -Calcium Gluconate

Anticholinergics -Cholinergics (&vice-versa)